PHILOSOPHY
In the early 20th century, painting, nearly mature, encountered an unprecedented “spatial change” initiated by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Before Cubism, painting moved toward the “simple”—it aimed to reproduce a single perspective of the three-dimen-sional world on a two-dimensional plane, creating a stable, uniform illusion of depth. Cubism shattered that window, “deconstructing” the world into countless geometric planes and reassembling them in the same picture. This meant that the front, side, top, and even internal structures of an object could be seen simultaneously. Viewing was no longer passive gazing but active travel through multiple times and spaces.